APPARATUS FAILURE

A Vacuum Apparatus for Cataract Extraction. Record of Failure

was selected, and after incision and iridectomy, the cup was carefully adjusted to the anterior capsule, and suction applied with the full power of the instrument. On attempting to make slight movement to break down the. zonule, the cup immediately lost its grip. A , second attempt was made with the same result, and it was obvious that the strength of the vacuum was not sufficient for the purpo...

Golgi's apparatus

Golgi reported an " internal reticular apparatus " in neurons — a structure now known as the Golgi apparatus. Although this is by far his best-remembered work, Golgi made many other important scientific discoveries in his lifetime (1843–1926), and in 1906 shared the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine with Santiago Ramón y Cajal for their studies on the structure of the nervous system. As we...

Evaluating the Failure Pressure of Bilayer Lipid Membranes Using an Automated Pressurization Test Apparatus

A new methodology has been developed to measure the mechanical integrity of a bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) formed over porous substrates. A custom test fixture was fabricated in which a stepper motor linear actuator drives a piston in order to apply pressure to a BLM in very fine increments. The pressure, monitored with a pressure transducer, is observed to increase until the BLM reaches its fa...

Rocket Apparatus

Dynamics of cytochrome bf complex of photosynthesis apparatus

Photosynthesis is a process under which, the radiative energy is converted into the chemical one. Compared to the man-made devices, the photosynthesis apparatus is much more efficient. This high efficiency comes from its elaborate structure, very fast transition rates and a complex electron and proton transfer chain among the subunits of the apparatus. Its main subunits (Photosystem I (PSI), bf...